Clock Reactions: A Kinetic Study of Sulfur and Iodine Systems
Abstract:
This study presents a kinetic investigation of two classic clock reactions: the sulfur clock (sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid) and the iodine clock (persulfate and iodide ions). The main goal was to establish the rate law for each system by systematically changing the concentrations of the reactants. For the sulfur clock reaction, a graphical analysis plotting initial rate against thiosulfate concentration strongly suggested a first-order relationship with respect to S2O32- , yielding the rate law: Rate = 0.356[S2O32- ]. In the case of the iodine clock reaction, a pseudo-order approach coupled with logarithmic analysis was used to effectively isolate the kinetic influence of each reactant. The results from this experiment indicate that the reaction is first-order with respect to both persulfate S2O82- and iodide I−ions. Consequently, the overall rate law was determined to be Rate = k[S2O82- ][I−], and the rate constant (k) was calculated to be approximately 3.63 × 10⁻³ M⁻¹s⁻¹. Ultimately, this work not only confirms the established kinetics of these reactions but also demonstrates the practical utility of initial rate methods in a high school laboratory setting.
Keywords:
Chemical kinetics; clock reaction; rate law; reaction order; pseudo-order method; initial rates.
APA Citation:
Haoxuan Li (2026). Clock Reactions: A Kinetic Study of Sulfur and Iodine Systems. Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences, 5(1), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.62051/z077j031
References
- P.W. Atkins, J. De Paula, J. Keeler, Atkins' physical chemistry, Oxford university press, 2023.
- R.H. Petrucci, F.G. Herring, J.D. Madura, C. Bissonnette, General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications, 11th ed., Pearson Canada, Toronto, 2017.
- T.L. Brown, H.E. LeMay, B.E. Bursten, C.J. Murphy, P.M. Woodward, M.E. Stoltzfus, Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th ed., Pearson Education, New York, 2018.
- C. Goedecke, Why Does Iodine Turn Starch Blue?, ChemistryViews (2016) doi: 10.1002/chemv.201600103.
- S. Liu, AP Chem Lab 4 manual: Clock reactions, The Affiliated High School of SCNU, Guangzhou.